Detection of ABO IgA immunoglobulin, saliva from a healthy Sudanese individual at Khartoum state in 2023

Abstract

Abstract:
Background: Individuals develop naturally occurring ABO antibodies during their first month of
life. However, the method of antigen presentation is unclear yet. The ABO antigen may have been
presented via mucosal cavities; to know the way of antigen presentation, we need further studies
to confirm it. Objectives: This study was aimed at detecting specific ABO IgA immunoglobulin,
anti-A, and anti-B antibodies in saliva samples from healthy individuals in Khartoum State in
2023. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Khartoum-Sudan State
and included 60 samples from healthy individuals with blood groups A, B, and O. The samples
were tested by the immunological method (sandwich ELISA), and the data were gathered and
analyzed by the statistical package for social science 20. Results: The known blood group saliva
sample, which was collected from Sudanese health individuals, was tested by using sandwich
ELISA (secretory IgA) to confirm the result. The majority of the samples were positive for anti-B
and 15% were non-reacted. The known blood group B was tested by using sandwich ELISA
(secretory IgA) to confirm the result. All the samples were positive for anti-A and 5% were nonreacted. The known blood group O saliva samples were tested by sandwich ELISA (secretory
IgA) to confirm the result. All the samples had anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Conclusion: The
study concluded that the majority of the samples were positive for anti-A and anti-B antibodies;
there was no significant change between age and gender with IgA antibodies. ABO naturaloccurring antibodies result from obvious antigen presentation, and the presence of ABO IgA in
saliva proves this antigen presentation.
Keywords: ABO, Detection, CBC, IgA immunoglobulin, saliva, Sudanese healthy individual.