The Effects of Onion (Allium cepa) Supplementation on Testosterone Levels and Reproductive Parameters(A Dose-Dependent Study in Albino Mice)

Abstract

Abstract

Testosterone plays a crucial role in male reproductive health, influencing spermatogenesis, libido, and secondary sexual characteristics. Natural alternatives to synthetic hormone therapy, such as dietary interventions, are gaining interest due to concerns about long-term risks. Onion (Allium cepa), rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids and sulfur-containing compounds, has demonstrated potential androgenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent impact of onion supplementation on testosterone levels, testicular weight, sperm parameters, and antioxidant activity in albino mice (Mus musculus). Forty adult male albino mice were divided into four groups: control (no supplementation), low dose (0.5 g/kg), medium dose (1 g/kg), and high dose (2 g/kg). Onion extract was administered via oral gavage for eight weeks. Serum testosterone levels were analyzed using ELISA, while sperm parameters and antioxidant activity were assessed through standard laboratory techniques. Results indicated a significant dose-dependent increase in testosterone levels, with the medium dose group (1 g/kg) showing the highest improvement (p < 0.001).

Testicular weight, sperm count, and motility followed a similar pattern, peaking at the medium dose. Antioxidant activity also

increased with onion supplementation but showed diminishing returns at higher doses. The findings

suggest that onion supplementation enhances male reproductive parameters, with optimal effects at moderate doses. However, higher doses may induce oxidative stress, highlighting the need for further research to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of onion supplementation in humans. These results support the potential role of onions as a natural dietary intervention for improving male reproductive health.